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Visit to Superior Walls of North Carolina

2/24/2013

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We considered several different systems for the foundation / basement walls
    - Poured-in-place concrete
    - Insulated concrete forms (ICFs)
    - Superior Walls

I've built two homes before so I was familiar with traditional poured-in-place foundations.  Poured, reinforced concrete is a proven system but it has a number of drawbacks.   First, the walls are rarely level or completely square.  Especially on a complex design with a lot of corners that steps down a slope.   Second, the walls can be cold and musty.   We mitigate that problem up north by insulating the exterior of the foundation walls but exterior insulation is not allowed in Georgia due to concerns about termites.

We decided to go with the Xi system from Superior Walls of North Carolina so a few weeks ago Tracey and I went to visit the plant and meet the team at their headquarters in Salisbury, NC about 30 minutes from Charlotte.
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The Superior Walls system consists of monolithically poured, pre-cast concrete panels.  The panels contain 2.5 inches of insulation which gives them an R value of 12.5.

They use a very high strength concrete mix that is reinforced with steel rebar and polypropylene fibers.

Each panel is custom made to the architect's CAD drawings with window and door openings cast into the panles.

Surprisingly, the cost of Superior Walls system is competitive with poured-in-place and turned out to be cheaper than ICF construction. 

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The crew is framing up a wall panel with window and door openings

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Pouring the panel. Note the window opening on the left
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A finished panel, loaded and ready for shipment to a customer's site
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Baseline Design

2/24/2013

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There are many, many tradeoffs to consider when you're designing an unconventional house.   To help us evaluate different strategies for building a sustainable home we decided to start with a baseline model that would meet minimum IECC and Georgia requirements.  This allows us to make changes to the model and see the effect.  My primary focus has been on heating and passive solar design.

Aside from the size and orientation of the house itself,  the major factors that go into the baseline model are Climate, Insulation, Air Infiltration and Windows.
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Climate

Climate, of course, plays a major factor in the design of an energy efficient home.  An approach that's appropriate for a cold climate may not work for a hot climate.

North Georgia is in the southern edge of IECC 2009 Climate Zone 4.


We are lucky to have a small weather station on a mountain just a few miles from our site and at the same elevation (about 2800 feet).  http://www.canoodlenest.com/weather/

The station has established an average of 4147  Heating Degree Days (HDD) and an average of 857 Cooling Degree Days (CDD) over the past ten years.

For a passive solar design it's also important to have an estimate of the solar energy available at your site. The National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) publishes detailed solar data for all 50 states here  http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/pubs/redbook/  and has a dynamic map visualization site here http://www.nrel.gov/gis/
Insulation and Air Infiltration

The DOE recommended insulation levels for Zone 4 are:
    - Attic or Ceiling                     R38
    - Walls                                  R21
    - Floor over unheated space    R25
    - Slab                                    R5

Georgia code requires a maximum ACH50 score of 7 air changes per hour  (not very good).
Windows

There is some confusion on the allowable characteristics for windows.  The prescriptive window requirements in the 2009 IECC specify U of 0.35 for Climate Zone 4 and place no restriction on SHGC for Climate Zone 4. 

See the Efficient Windows Collaborative link here http://www.efficientwindows.org/code_overview.cfm
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Energy Star, however, has somewhat different zones and sets different standards than the IECC.  The Energy Star North-Central Zone roughly corresponds to IECC Climate Zone 4.

The table lists the Energy Star maximum U-Factor and maximum SHGC allowed for each region.

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In future posts I'lll compare the overall heating loads for a base design with no solar consideration and then compare the effects of high SHGC windows versus the low SHGC windows madated by Energy Star.
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